{"id":2308,"date":"2021-08-18T16:31:29","date_gmt":"2021-08-18T15:31:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dart.datariverweb.com\/iEnter?p=2308"},"modified":"2023-03-07T11:53:57","modified_gmt":"2023-03-07T10:53:57","slug":"gener-och-deras-mutationer","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dart.datariverweb.com\/iEnter?p=2308&lang=sv","title":{"rendered":"Gener och deras mutationer"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"2308\" class=\"elementor elementor-2308 elementor-558\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-998f1b5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"998f1b5\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-57748aa\" data-id=\"57748aa\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dd82a6d elementor-view-default elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon\" data-id=\"dd82a6d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-icon\" href=\"https:\/\/dart.datariverweb.com\/iEnter\/?page_id=2307&#038;lang=sv\">\n\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-arrow-left\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-348c4d5\" data-id=\"348c4d5\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-523efc2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"523efc2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.8.0 - 30-10-2022 *\/\n.elementor-heading-title{padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title[class*=elementor-size-]>a{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-small{font-size:15px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-medium{font-size:19px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-large{font-size:29px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xl{font-size:39px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xxl{font-size:59px}<\/style><h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dart.datariverweb.com\/iEnter\/?page_id=2307&#038;lang=sv\">Tillbaka till f\u00f6r mer information<\/a><\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9909647 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9909647\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e5e4da1\" data-id=\"e5e4da1\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-604c565 elementor-aspect-ratio-169 elementor-widget elementor-widget-video\" data-id=\"604c565\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;video_type&quot;:&quot;vimeo&quot;,&quot;aspect_ratio&quot;:&quot;169&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"video.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.8.0 - 30-10-2022 *\/\n.elementor-widget-video .elementor-widget-container{overflow:hidden;-webkit-transform:translateZ(0);transform:translateZ(0)}.elementor-widget-video .elementor-open-inline .elementor-custom-embed-image-overlay{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;background-size:cover;background-position:50%}.elementor-widget-video .elementor-custom-embed-image-overlay{cursor:pointer;text-align:center}.elementor-widget-video .elementor-custom-embed-image-overlay:hover .elementor-custom-embed-play i{opacity:1}.elementor-widget-video .elementor-custom-embed-image-overlay img{display:block;width:100%}.elementor-widget-video .e-hosted-video .elementor-video{-o-object-fit:cover;object-fit:cover}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-video,.e-con>.elementor-widget-video{width:var(--container-widget-width,100%)}<\/style>\t\t<div class=\"elementor-wrapper elementor-fit-aspect-ratio elementor-open-inline\">\n\t\t\t<iframe class=\"elementor-video-iframe\" allowfullscreen title=\"vimeo Video Player\" src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/787620106?color&amp;autopause=0&amp;loop=0&amp;muted=0&amp;title=1&amp;portrait=1&amp;byline=1#t=\"><\/iframe>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0fb40d6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"0fb40d6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.8.0 - 30-10-2022 *\/\n.elementor-column .elementor-spacer-inner{height:var(--spacer-size)}.e-con{--container-widget-width:100%}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-spacer,.e-con>.elementor-widget-spacer{width:var(--container-widget-width,var(--spacer-size));-ms-flex-item-align:stretch;align-self:stretch;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-spacer>.elementor-widget-container,.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-spacer>.elementor-widget-container>.elementor-spacer,.e-con>.elementor-widget-spacer>.elementor-widget-container,.e-con>.elementor-widget-spacer>.elementor-widget-container>.elementor-spacer{height:100%}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-spacer>.elementor-widget-container>.elementor-spacer>.elementor-spacer-inner,.e-con>.elementor-widget-spacer>.elementor-widget-container>.elementor-spacer>.elementor-spacer-inner{height:var(--container-widget-height,var(--spacer-size))}<\/style>\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d4a4429 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d4a4429\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Gener och deras mutationer<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-431f04d elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"431f04d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.8.0 - 30-10-2022 *\/\n.elementor-widget-divider{--divider-border-style:none;--divider-border-width:1px;--divider-color:#2c2c2c;--divider-icon-size:20px;--divider-element-spacing:10px;--divider-pattern-height:24px;--divider-pattern-size:20px;--divider-pattern-url:none;--divider-pattern-repeat:repeat-x}.elementor-widget-divider .elementor-divider{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex}.elementor-widget-divider .elementor-divider__text{font-size:15px;line-height:1;max-width:95%}.elementor-widget-divider .elementor-divider__element{margin:0 var(--divider-element-spacing);-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0}.elementor-widget-divider .elementor-icon{font-size:var(--divider-icon-size)}.elementor-widget-divider .elementor-divider-separator{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;margin:0;direction:ltr}.elementor-widget-divider--view-line_icon .elementor-divider-separator,.elementor-widget-divider--view-line_text .elementor-divider-separator{-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center}.elementor-widget-divider--view-line_icon .elementor-divider-separator:after,.elementor-widget-divider--view-line_icon .elementor-divider-separator:before,.elementor-widget-divider--view-line_text .elementor-divider-separator:after,.elementor-widget-divider--view-line_text .elementor-divider-separator:before{display:block;content:\"\";border-bottom:0;-webkit-box-flex:1;-ms-flex-positive:1;flex-grow:1;border-top:var(--divider-border-width) var(--divider-border-style) var(--divider-color)}.elementor-widget-divider--element-align-left .elementor-divider .elementor-divider-separator>.elementor-divider__svg:first-of-type{-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex-positive:0;flex-grow:0;-ms-flex-negative:100;flex-shrink:100}.elementor-widget-divider--element-align-left .elementor-divider-separator:before{content:none}.elementor-widget-divider--element-align-left .elementor-divider__element{margin-left:0}.elementor-widget-divider--element-align-right .elementor-divider .elementor-divider-separator>.elementor-divider__svg:last-of-type{-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex-positive:0;flex-grow:0;-ms-flex-negative:100;flex-shrink:100}.elementor-widget-divider--element-align-right .elementor-divider-separator:after{content:none}.elementor-widget-divider--element-align-right .elementor-divider__element{margin-right:0}.elementor-widget-divider:not(.elementor-widget-divider--view-line_text):not(.elementor-widget-divider--view-line_icon) .elementor-divider-separator{border-top:var(--divider-border-width) var(--divider-border-style) var(--divider-color)}.elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern{--divider-border-style:none}.elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern.elementor-widget-divider--view-line .elementor-divider-separator,.elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern:not(.elementor-widget-divider--view-line) .elementor-divider-separator:after,.elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern:not(.elementor-widget-divider--view-line) .elementor-divider-separator:before,.elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern:not([class*=elementor-widget-divider--view]) .elementor-divider-separator{width:100%;min-height:var(--divider-pattern-height);-webkit-mask-size:var(--divider-pattern-size) 100%;mask-size:var(--divider-pattern-size) 100%;-webkit-mask-repeat:var(--divider-pattern-repeat);mask-repeat:var(--divider-pattern-repeat);background-color:var(--divider-color);-webkit-mask-image:var(--divider-pattern-url);mask-image:var(--divider-pattern-url)}.elementor-widget-divider--no-spacing{--divider-pattern-size:auto}.elementor-widget-divider--bg-round{--divider-pattern-repeat:round}.rtl .elementor-widget-divider .elementor-divider__text{direction:rtl}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-divider,.e-con>.elementor-widget-divider{width:var(--container-widget-width,100%)}<\/style>\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d53acc7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d53acc7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.8.0 - 30-10-2022 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#818a91;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#818a91;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p>En gen \u00e4r en kod som finns i varje cell i din kropp och som styr cellens liv Varje cell i m\u00e4nniskokroppen inneh\u00e5ller mellan 25 000 och 35 000 gener. Generna inneh\u00e5ller information som best\u00e4mmer dina &#8220;arvsanlag&#8221;, dvs.de egenskaper som du \u00e4rver fr\u00e5n dina f\u00f6r\u00e4ldrar. Generna best\u00e4mmer vem du \u00e4r och hur du ser ut, till exempel dina fysiska egenskaper (fenotyp).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e24725a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e24725a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Generna finns i kromosomerna, som i sin tur finns i cellk\u00e4rnan. Var och en av v\u00e5ra 46 kromosomer best\u00e5r av deoxiribonukleinsyra (DNA) t\u00e4tt lindat flera varv runt proteiner (histoner) som b\u00e4r upp deras struktur. DNA-molekylen inneh\u00e5ller genetisk information som beh\u00f6vs f\u00f6r biosyntesen av RNA (Ribonukleinsyra) och proteiner och \u00e4r n\u00f6dv\u00e4ndig f\u00f6r att de flesta levande organismer ska kunna utvecklas och fungera korrekt. Varje DNA-molekyl \u00e4r en l\u00e5ng dubbelspiral som liknar en spiraltrappa med miljontals steg. Varje trappsteg best\u00e5r av fyra olika molekyler som kallas kv\u00e4vebaser (nukleotider) bundna till varandra i par. Varje extremt l\u00e5ng DNA-molekyl \u00e4r lindad inuti en av kromosomerna. Varje normal m\u00e4nsklig cell inneh\u00e5ller 23 kromosompar, vilket ger totalt 46 kromosomer. En kromosom inneh\u00e5ller hundratals till tusentals gener. Generna varierar i storlek beroende p\u00e5 storleken p\u00e5 de proteiner som de kodar f\u00f6r. Generna kan f\u00f6r\u00e4ndras och denna process kallas mutation. Mutationer kan omfatta sm\u00e5 eller stora delar av DNA.<\/p>\n<p>De flesta mutationer varken p\u00e5verkar eller leder till p\u00e5visbara f\u00f6r\u00e4ndringar i en individs observerbara egenskaper. \u00c4rvda mutationer \u00e4r mutationer som kan f\u00f6ras vidare fr\u00e5n generation till generation. Mutationer kan bara \u00e4rvas om de p\u00e5verkar k\u00f6nscellerna (spermier eller \u00e4gg). Mutationer som inte p\u00e5verkar k\u00f6nscellerna p\u00e5verkar den muterade cellens dotterceller (och kan till exempel bli cancer), men de f\u00f6rs inte vidare fr\u00e5n generation till generation. Vissa mutationer kan ocks\u00e5 st\u00f6ra den normala genaktiviteten och leda till sjukdomar, t.ex. cancer. De flesta skadliga mutationer \u00e4r s\u00e4llsynta.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>En gen \u00e4r en kod som finns i varje cell i din kropp och som styr cellens liv. Varje cell i m\u00e4nniskokroppen inneh\u00e5ller mellan 25 000 och 35 000 gener. Generna inneh\u00e5ller information som best\u00e4mmer dina &#8220;arvsanlag&#8221;, dvs. de egenskaper som du \u00e4rver fr\u00e5n dina f\u00f6r\u00e4ldrar. Generna best\u00e4mmer vem du \u00e4r och hur du ser ut, till exempel dina fysiska egenskaper (fenotyp).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":1558,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[73],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2308","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-mutations-sv"],"blocksy_meta":{"styles_descriptor":{"styles":{"desktop":"","tablet":"","mobile":""},"google_fonts":[],"version":5}},"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dart.datariverweb.com\/iEnter\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2308","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dart.datariverweb.com\/iEnter\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dart.datariverweb.com\/iEnter\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dart.datariverweb.com\/iEnter\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dart.datariverweb.com\/iEnter\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2308"}],"version-history":[{"count":21,"href":"https:\/\/dart.datariverweb.com\/iEnter\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2308\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3536,"href":"https:\/\/dart.datariverweb.com\/iEnter\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2308\/revisions\/3536"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dart.datariverweb.com\/iEnter\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1558"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dart.datariverweb.com\/iEnter\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2308"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dart.datariverweb.com\/iEnter\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2308"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dart.datariverweb.com\/iEnter\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2308"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}